International industrial symbiosis: Cross-border management of aggregates and construction and demolition waste between Italy and Switzerland

This article describes an international industrial symbiosis located in Canton Ticino, Switzerland, and Lombardy, Italy, involving virgin aggregates construction demolition waste. It discusses the potential of to manage transport strategies its geographic extension, reduce substantially related externalities, currently equivalent 11% value. With recourse a key informant monitoring methodology, primary secondary sources, this estimates symbiosis’ environmental impacts, external costs, returns distance under various scenarios. We show that intermodal have transport's carbon dioxide emissions by up 61% costs 81%, widen extension beyond current 50 km. also discuss how, despite changes disagreements objectives different cross-border regional authorities symbiosis, coordination mechanisms incentives is essential for sustainable management symbiosis. The aim twofold. Firstly, highlight importance assessing contribution overall rather than consider impacts as externally given variables. And secondly, policy decision makers additional methods, inter-regional experiences, order assess more ways.